提高五种能力，是做好侦查监督工作的保障/朱庆昌
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提高五种能力，是做好侦查监督工作的保障
朱庆昌、韩秀峰
为适应社会新形势的需要，检察机关的侦查监督检察人员，必须充分履行侦查监督职能，提高侦查监督工作水平和侦察监督工作能力，才能更好地打击犯罪，保护人民，为构建和谐社会，为社会经济又好又快地发展提供良好的法治环境。 为此，侦查监督检察人员必须努力提高贾春旺检察长在全国检察长会议上提出的侦查监督队伍建设的五种能力即：及时准确地打击犯罪，维护社会稳定的能力；敢于监督、善于监督、规范监督，促进严格执法公正司法能力；化解矛盾纠纷，促进社会和谐的能力；正确执行法律和刑事政策的能力；探索侦查监督规律，加强业务建设的能力。只有侦查监督检察人员这五种能力得到了提高，做好侦查监督工作才有保障。
一、提高及时准确地打击犯罪，维护社会稳定的能力。就是要求侦查监督检察人员必须牢固树立服务大局意。要坚持以经济建设为中心，真正做到了解大局、胸怀大局、服务大局，围绕大局及时准确打击犯罪。及时就是不误时机，不误战机，不误形势。做到及时要求侦查监督检察人员具有高度的政治责任感和使命感。准确就是严格把好案件的事实关、证据关、适用法律关。做到准确要求侦查监督检察人员潜心学习，不断自我完善，永站时代潮头，学习理论、学习法律、学习业务、学习政策。只有侦查监督检察人员将自身武装到家，打铁先的自身硬，才能更好地做到打击犯罪准确及时。
二、提高敢于监督、善于监督、规范监督，促进严格执法公正司法能力。敢于监督就是要求侦查监督检察人员正确处理侦查机关的关系，坚持实事求是，原则问题不让步。工作中做到“五不”：不畏权势，不为钱色所动，不搞亲亲疏疏，不感情用事，不怕失去“人缘”。善于监督就是要求侦查监督检察人员提高自身素质。不断学习，思想解放，克服监督观念上跟不上时代步伐，工作方法上陈旧，缺乏开拓创新精神；提高政策理论水平，克服检察业务不熟，法律法规知识欠缺，想搞好监督却达不到效果；牢固树立责任意识，克服自身能力低，想监督但无能力、无方法、无手段。规范监督就是要求侦查监督检察人员必须严格按照规范的侦查监督运行程序进行监督，克服在监督内容、方法上的盲目性和随意性。要根据侦查监督不同的环节、内容、要求和目的所制定的各项制度，如提前介入制度、审查批捕制度、引导侦查取证制度等，在每一个环节、每一项监督活动中都要严格依照法律法规进行监督。
三、提高化解矛盾纠纷，促进社会和谐的能力。党的十七大报告中指出：“社会和谐是中国特色社会主义的本质属性”。要求“最大限度激发社会创造活力，最大限度增加和谐因素，最大限度减少不和谐因素”。因此，要求侦查监督检察人员在审查批捕工作中，要树立先进的执法理念，积极倡导和确立和平司法理念，慎捕少捕，有效教育挽救犯罪者，使其早日回归社会。化解纷争、减少对抗、促进和谐，力争实现法律效果、社会效果的统一。我们要努力提高公正执法的能力。要正确认识为谁执法，如何执法的问题。每位侦查监督检察人员必须时刻牢记自己手中的权力是人民群众赋予的，真正做到“立检为公，执法为民”。不办关系案，不办人情案，不办金钱案，做到“请吃不到，送礼不要，说情无效”，自觉筑起一道抵御的坚固防线。检察官是治“官”之官，如果反腐败的人腐败了，不仅害了自己，而且损害了人民群众对检察机关的信任。侦查监督检察人员要做到廉洁自律，不徇私情，不能拿原则作交易，手下不能留情，以公平促正义，以公正促和谐。在涉检访工作中，要常怀为民之心，常思为民之策，常记受民之托，常行为民之举。要带着对党负责的责任、带着对人民群众的感情、带着践行社会和谐的使命，释法说理，疏通矛盾，解决问题，才能做好息诉罢访工作。
四、提高正确执行法律和刑事政策的能力。侦查监督检察人员能否正确执行法律和刑事政策，直接影响到办案件质量的高低，甚至会造成冤假错案。案件质量是一切检察工作的生命线。因此，要求侦查监督检察人员，要严格把握案件的事实关、证据关、法律关和程序关。工作中强化对证据的审查、鉴别，坚决排除非法证据。重视审查逮捕中，讯问犯罪嫌疑人和询问主要证人等决定案件罪与非罪证据的复查工作。切实贯彻《人民检察院审查逮捕质量标准》，坚持逮捕案件质量分析制度，及时发现问题，查找原因，提出提高逮捕案件质量的意见。把好批捕质量关，也是落实贯彻宽严相济刑事政策的前提和要求。因此，正确执行法律和刑事政策，是相辅相成的，要合理正确的处理案件和科学适用刑罚，就必须熟习和掌握法律的同时，还要有熟习掌握和应用刑事政策的能力，才能完成好和谐社会下的审查逮捕任务。
五、提高探索侦查监督规律，加强业务建设的能力。近年来，侦查监督检察人员大胆开展了侦查监督活动，收到了很好的法律效果和社会效果，但情况并不尽人意。当前，侦查监督主要存在一下方面地问题和不足：一是侦查监督滞后。二是侦查监督方法单一。三是侦查监督法律效果不理想，纠正违法软弱无力。四是侦查监督内容不全面。五是检察机关内部配合不协调。因此，要求从事侦查监督检察人员，在工作中应当对侦查监督规律进行大胆探索和创新，转变监督理念，构思加强侦查监督方法和机制。我们要通过引导侦查取证，规范侦查监督运行程序，促进侦查监督工作。理顺内部关系，建立大侦查监督格局和同步监督机制。呼吁通过立法的形式，确立和提升检察机关作为侦查监督主体地法律地位，赋予检察机关对重大侦查行为的审查决定权，规范适时介入侦查、引导侦查取证，明确监督的法律后果和制裁手段等。
朱庆昌、韩秀峰
为适应社会新形势的需要，检察机关的侦查监督检察人员，必须充分履行侦查监督职能，提高侦查监督工作水平和侦察监督工作能力，才能更好地打击犯罪，保护人民，为构建和谐社会，为社会经济又好又快地发展提供良好的法治环境。 为此，侦查监督检察人员必须努力提高贾春旺检察长在全国检察长会议上提出的侦查监督队伍建设的五种能力即：及时准确地打击犯罪，维护社会稳定的能力；敢于监督、善于监督、规范监督，促进严格执法公正司法能力；化解矛盾纠纷，促进社会和谐的能力；正确执行法律和刑事政策的能力；探索侦查监督规律，加强业务建设的能力。只有侦查监督检察人员这五种能力得到了提高，做好侦查监督工作才有保障。
一、提高及时准确地打击犯罪，维护社会稳定的能力。就是要求侦查监督检察人员必须牢固树立服务大局意。要坚持以经济建设为中心，真正做到了解大局、胸怀大局、服务大局，围绕大局及时准确打击犯罪。及时就是不误时机，不误战机，不误形势。做到及时要求侦查监督检察人员具有高度的政治责任感和使命感。准确就是严格把好案件的事实关、证据关、适用法律关。做到准确要求侦查监督检察人员潜心学习，不断自我完善，永站时代潮头，学习理论、学习法律、学习业务、学习政策。只有侦查监督检察人员将自身武装到家，打铁先的自身硬，才能更好地做到打击犯罪准确及时。
二、提高敢于监督、善于监督、规范监督，促进严格执法公正司法能力。敢于监督就是要求侦查监督检察人员正确处理侦查机关的关系，坚持实事求是，原则问题不让步。工作中做到“五不”：不畏权势，不为钱色所动，不搞亲亲疏疏，不感情用事，不怕失去“人缘”。善于监督就是要求侦查监督检察人员提高自身素质。不断学习，思想解放，克服监督观念上跟不上时代步伐，工作方法上陈旧，缺乏开拓创新精神；提高政策理论水平，克服检察业务不熟，法律法规知识欠缺，想搞好监督却达不到效果；牢固树立责任意识，克服自身能力低，想监督但无能力、无方法、无手段。规范监督就是要求侦查监督检察人员必须严格按照规范的侦查监督运行程序进行监督，克服在监督内容、方法上的盲目性和随意性。要根据侦查监督不同的环节、内容、要求和目的所制定的各项制度，如提前介入制度、审查批捕制度、引导侦查取证制度等，在每一个环节、每一项监督活动中都要严格依照法律法规进行监督。
三、提高化解矛盾纠纷，促进社会和谐的能力。党的十七大报告中指出：“社会和谐是中国特色社会主义的本质属性”。要求“最大限度激发社会创造活力，最大限度增加和谐因素，最大限度减少不和谐因素”。因此，要求侦查监督检察人员在审查批捕工作中，要树立先进的执法理念，积极倡导和确立和平司法理念，慎捕少捕，有效教育挽救犯罪者，使其早日回归社会。化解纷争、减少对抗、促进和谐，力争实现法律效果、社会效果的统一。我们要努力提高公正执法的能力。要正确认识为谁执法，如何执法的问题。每位侦查监督检察人员必须时刻牢记自己手中的权力是人民群众赋予的，真正做到“立检为公，执法为民”。不办关系案，不办人情案，不办金钱案，做到“请吃不到，送礼不要，说情无效”，自觉筑起一道抵御的坚固防线。检察官是治“官”之官，如果反腐败的人腐败了，不仅害了自己，而且损害了人民群众对检察机关的信任。侦查监督检察人员要做到廉洁自律，不徇私情，不能拿原则作交易，手下不能留情，以公平促正义，以公正促和谐。在涉检访工作中，要常怀为民之心，常思为民之策，常记受民之托，常行为民之举。要带着对党负责的责任、带着对人民群众的感情、带着践行社会和谐的使命，释法说理，疏通矛盾，解决问题，才能做好息诉罢访工作。
四、提高正确执行法律和刑事政策的能力。侦查监督检察人员能否正确执行法律和刑事政策，直接影响到办案件质量的高低，甚至会造成冤假错案。案件质量是一切检察工作的生命线。因此，要求侦查监督检察人员，要严格把握案件的事实关、证据关、法律关和程序关。工作中强化对证据的审查、鉴别，坚决排除非法证据。重视审查逮捕中，讯问犯罪嫌疑人和询问主要证人等决定案件罪与非罪证据的复查工作。切实贯彻《人民检察院审查逮捕质量标准》，坚持逮捕案件质量分析制度，及时发现问题，查找原因，提出提高逮捕案件质量的意见。把好批捕质量关，也是落实贯彻宽严相济刑事政策的前提和要求。因此，正确执行法律和刑事政策，是相辅相成的，要合理正确的处理案件和科学适用刑罚，就必须熟习和掌握法律的同时，还要有熟习掌握和应用刑事政策的能力，才能完成好和谐社会下的审查逮捕任务。
五、提高探索侦查监督规律，加强业务建设的能力。近年来，侦查监督检察人员大胆开展了侦查监督活动，收到了很好的法律效果和社会效果，但情况并不尽人意。当前，侦查监督主要存在一下方面地问题和不足：一是侦查监督滞后。二是侦查监督方法单一。三是侦查监督法律效果不理想，纠正违法软弱无力。四是侦查监督内容不全面。五是检察机关内部配合不协调。因此，要求从事侦查监督检察人员，在工作中应当对侦查监督规律进行大胆探索和创新，转变监督理念，构思加强侦查监督方法和机制。我们要通过引导侦查取证，规范侦查监督运行程序，促进侦查监督工作。理顺内部关系，建立大侦查监督格局和同步监督机制。呼吁通过立法的形式，确立和提升检察机关作为侦查监督主体地法律地位，赋予检察机关对重大侦查行为的审查决定权，规范适时介入侦查、引导侦查取证，明确监督的法律后果和制裁手段等。
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JOINT DECLARATION OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE QUESTION OF HONG KONG ——附加英文版
JOINT DECLARATION OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE QUESTION OF HONG KONG
WHOLE DOCUMENT
Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland
the Government of the People's Republic of China have reviewed
with
sfaction the friendly relations existing between the two
Governments
peoples in recent years and agreed that a proper negotiated
settlement
he question of Hong Kong, which is left over from the past, is
con-
ve to the maintenance of the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong
and
he further strengthening and development of the relations between
the
countries on a new basis. To this end, they have, after talks
between
delegations of the two Governments, agreed to declare as follows:
he Government of the People's Republic of China declares
that to
ver the Hong Kong area (including Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and
the
Territories, hereinafter referred to as Hong Kong) is the
common
ration of the entire Chinese people, and that it has decided to
resume
exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong with effect from 1 July
1997.
he Government of the United Kingdom declares that it will restore
Hong
to the People's Republic of China with effect from 1 July 1997.
he Government of the People's Republic of China declares
that the
c policies of the People's Republic of China regarding Hong Kong
are
ollows:
Upholding national unity and territorial integrity and taking
account
he history of Hong Kong and its realities, the People's
Republic of
a has decided to establish, in accordance with the
provisions of
cle 31 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, a
Hong
Special Administrative Region upon resuming the
exercise of
reignty over Hong Kong.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will be directly
under the
ority of the Central People's Government of the People's
Republic of
a. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will enjoy
a high
ee of autonomy, except in foreign and defence affairs which are
the
onsibilities of the Central People's Government.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will be
vested with
utive, legislative and independent judicial power, including
that of
l adjudication. The laws currently in force in Hong Kong will
remain
cally unchanged.
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
will be
osed of local inhabitants. The chief executive will be
appointed by
Central People's Government on the basis of the results of
elections
onsultations to be held locally. Principal officials will be
nominated
he chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
for
intment by the Central People's Government. Chinese and
foreign
onals previously working in the public and police services
in the
rnment departments of Hong Kong may remain in employment. British
and
r foreign nationals may also be employed to serve as advisers or
hold
ain public posts in government departments of the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region.
The current social and economic systems in Hong Kong will
remain
anged, and so will the life-style. Rights and freedoms,
including
e of the person, of speech, of the press, of assembly, of
association,
ravel, of movement, of correspondence, of strike, of
choice of
pation, of academic research and of religious belief will be
ensured
aw in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Private
property,
rship of enterprises, legitimate right of inheritance and
foreign
stment will be protected by law.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will retain the
status of
ee port and a separate customs territory.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will retain the
status of
nternational financial centre, and its markets for foreign
exchange,
, securities and futures will continue. There will be free
flow of
tal. The Hong Kong dollar will continue to circulate and remain
freely
ertible.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will have
independent
nces. The Central People's Government will not levy taxes on the
Hong
Special Administrative Region.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may establish
mutually
ficial economic relations with the United Kingdom and other
countries,
e economic interests in Hong Kong will be given due regard.
Using the name of "Hong Kong, China", the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region may on its own maintain and develop
economic and
ural relations and conclude relevant agreements with states,
regions
relevant international organizations. The Government of the
Hong Kong
ial Administrative Region may on its own issue travel
documents for
y into and exit from Hong Kong.
The maintenance of public order in the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region will be the responsibility of the Government
of the
Kong Special Administrative Region.
The above-stated basic policies of the People's Republic of
China
rding Hong Kong and the elaboration of them in Annex I to this
Joint
aration will be stipulated, in a Basic Law of the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region of the People's Republic of China, by the
National
le's Congress of the People's Republic of China, and they will
remain
anged for 50 years.
he Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the
People's
blic of China declare that, during the transitional period
between the
of the entry into force of this Joint Declaration and 30 June
1997,
Government of the United Kingdom will be responsible
for the
nistration of Hong Kong with the object of maintaining and
preserving
economic prosperity and social stability; and that the
Government of
People's Republic of China will give its cooperation
in this
ection.
he Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the
People's
blic of China declare that, in order to ensure a smooth
transfer of
rnment in 1997, and with a view to the effective
implementation of
Joint Declaration, a Sino-British Joint Liaison Group will be set
up
this Joint Declaration enters into force; and that it
will be
blished and will function in accordance with the provisions of
Annex
o this Joint Declaration.
he Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the
People's
blic of China declare that land leases in Hong Kong and other
related
ers will be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of Annex
III
his Joint Declaration.
he Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the
People's
blic of China agree to implement the preceding declarations
and the
xes to this Joint Declaration.
his Joint Declaration is subject to ratification and shall enter
into
e on the date of the exchange of instruments of ratification,
which
l take place in Beijing before 30 June 1985. This Joint
Declaration
its Annexes shall be equally binding. Done in duplicate at
Beijing on
ecember 1984 in the English and Chinese languages, both texts
being
lly authentic.
the For the
rnment of the United Kingdom Government of the
reat Britain and Northern Ireland People's Republic of China
rate Thatcher Zhao Ziyang
ANNEX I: ELABORATION BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF
CHINA OF ITS BASIC POLICIES REGARDING HONG KONG
Government of the People's Republic of China elaborates the
basic
cies of the People's Republic of China regarding Hong Kong as set
out
aragraph 3 of the Joint Declaration of the Government of the
United
dom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of
the
le's Republic of China on the Question of Hong Kong as follows:
Constitution of the People's Republic of China stipulates in
Article
hat "the state may establish special administrative
regions when
ssary. The systems to be instituted in special administrative
regions
l be prescribed by laws enacted by the National People's
Congress in
light of the specific conditions." In accordance with this
Article,
People's Republic of China shall, upon the resumption of the
exercise
overeignty over Hong Kong on 1 July 1997, establish the Hong
Kong
ial Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.
The
onal People's Congress of the People's Republic of China shall
enact
promulgate a Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region
he People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the
Basic
in accordance with the Constitution of the People's
Republic of
a, stipulating that after the establishment of the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region the socialist system and socialist policies
shall
be practised in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and
that
Kong's previous capitalist system and life-style shall
remain
anged for 50 years.
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be directly
under the
ority of the Central People's Government of the People's
Republic of
a and shall enjoy a high degree of autonomy. Except for foreign
and
nce affairs which are the responsibilities of the Central
People's
rnment, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be
vested
executive, legislative and independent judicial power, including
that
inal adjudication. The Central People's Government shall
authorise the
Kong Special Administrative Region to conduct on its own
those
rnal affairs specified in Section XI of this Annex.
government and legislature of the Hong Kong Special
Administrative
on shall be composed of local inhabitants. The chief executive
of the
Kong Special Administrative Region shall be selected by
election or
ugh consultations held locally and be appointed by the
Central
le's Government. Principal officials (equivalent to Secretaries)
shall
nominated by the chief executive of the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region and appointed by the Central People's
Government.
legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
shall be
tituted by elections. The executive authorities shall abide by
the law
shall be accountable to the legislature.
ddition to Chinese, English may also be used in organs of
government
in the courts in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
t from displaying the national flag and national emblem
of the
le's Republic of China, the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region
use a regional flag and emblem of its own.
r the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region,
laws previously in force in Hong Kong (i. e. the common law, rules
of
ty, ordinances, subordinate legislation and customary law)
shall be
tained, save for any that contravene the Basic Law and subject
to any
dment by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region legislature.
The
slative power of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
shall be
ed in the Legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region.
legislature may on its own authority enact laws in accordance with
the
isions of the Basic Law and legal procedures, and report them to
the
ding Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.
Laws
ted by the legislature which are in accordance with the Basic Law
and
l procedures shall be regarded as valid.
laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be the
Basic
and the laws previously in force in Hong Kong and laws enacted
by the
Kong Special Administrative Region legislature as above.
r the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region,
judicial system previously practised in Hong Kong shall be
maintained
pt for those changes consequent upon the vesting in the courts
of the
Kong Special Administrative Region of the power of
final
dication.
cial power in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
shall be
ed in the courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
The
ts shall exercise judicial power independently and free
from any
rference. Members of the judiciary shall be immune from legal
action
espect of their judicial functions. The courts shall decide
cases in
rdance with the laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region
may refer to precedents in other common law jurisdictions.
Judges of
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region courts shall be
appointed by
chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
acting
accordance with the recommendation of an independent
commission
osed of local judges, persons from the legal profession and
other
ent persons. Judges shall be chosen by reference to their
judicial
ities and may be recruited from other common law
jurisdictions. A
e may only be removed for inability to discharge the functions
of his
ce, or for misbehaviour, by the chief executive of the
Hong Kong
ial Administrative Region acting in accordance with the
recommendation
tribunal appointed by the chief judge of the court of final
appeal,
isting of not fewer than three local judges.
Additionally, the
intment or removal of principal judges (i. e. those of the
highest
) shall be made by the chief executive with the endorsement of
the
Kong Special Administrative Region legislature and reported
to the
ding Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.
The
em of appointment and removal of judicial officers other than
judges
l be maintained.
power of final judgment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region
l be vested in the court of final appeal in the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region, which may as required invite judges from
other
on law jurisdictions to sit on the court of final appeal.
osecuting authority of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region
l control criminal prosecutions free from any interference.
he basis of the system previously operating in Hong Kong, the
Hong
Special Administrative Region Government shall on its
own make
ision for local lawyers and lawyers from outside the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region to work and practise in the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region.
Central People's Government shall assist or authorise the Hong
Kong
ial Administrative Region Government to make appropriate
arrangements
reciprocal juridical assistance with foreign states.
r the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region,
ic servants previously serving in Hong Kong in all
government
rtment, including the police department, and members of the
judiciary
all remain in employment and continue their service
with pay,
wances, benefits and conditions of service no less
favourable than
re. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government
shall pay
uch persons who retire or complete their contracts, as well
as to
e who have retired before 1 July 1997, or to their dependants,
all
ions, gratuities, allowances and benefits due to them on terms
no less
urable than before, and irrespective of their nationality or
place of
dence.
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government may employ
British
other foreign nationals previously serving in the public
service in
Kong, and may recruit British and other foreign nationals
holding
anent identity cards of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region to
e as public servants at all levels, except as heads
of major
rnment departments (corresponding to branches or
departments at
etary level) including the police department, and as deputy
heads of
of those departments. The Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region
rnment may also employ British and other foreign nationals as
advisers
overnment departments and, when there is a need, may recruit
qualified
idates from outside the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region to
essional and technical posts in government departments,
The above
l be employed only in their individual capacities and, like
other
ic servants, shall be responsible to the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region Government.
appointment and promotion of public servants shall be on the basis
of
ifications, experience and ability. Hong Kong's previous
system of
uitment, employment, assessment, discipline, training and
management
the public service (including special bodies for appointment, pay
and
itions of service) shall, save for any provisions providing
privileged
tment for foreign nationals, be maintained.
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall deal on its own
with
ncial matters, including disposing of its financial
resources and
ing up its budgets and its final accounts. The Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region shall report its budgets and final accounts to
the
ral People's Government for the record. The Central
People's
rnment shall not levy taxes on the Hong Kong Special
Administrative
on. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall
use its
ncial revenues exclusively for its own purposes and they shall
not be
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印发《关于深化改革建立面向行业的技术开发基地的意见》的通知
国家经济贸易委员会文件
国经贸技术[2000]670号
印发《关于深化改革建立面向行业的技术开发基地的意见》的通知
各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市及新疆生产建设兵团经贸委（经委），各委管国家局，国务院有关部门、直属机构：
为贯彻落实《中共中央关于国有企业改革和发展若干重大问题的决定》和《中共中央、国务院关于加强技术创新，发展高科技，实现产业化的决定》精神，深化科技体制改革，加快技术创新体系建设，国家经贸委在征求有关部门、地方经贸委和12个综合性大型科技型企业意见的基础上，提出了《关于深化改革，建立面向行业的技术开发基地的意见》，以指导和推动面向行业的技术开发基地的建设，现印发你们，请结合本地区、本部门的实际，认真贯彻执行。
二OOO年七月十九日
关于深化改革建立面向行业的技术开发基地的意见
按照《中共中央关于国有企业改革和发展若干重大问题的决定》和《中共中央、国务院关于加强技术创新，发展高科技，实现产业化的决定》的精神，为促进以企业为中心的技术创新体系建设，加快科研机构改革和发展，尽快形成面向行业的技术开发基地，现提出如下意见：
一、指导思想
深化科技体制改革，加速建立以企业为中心的工业技术创新体系，推动高新技术成果产业化和利用先进技术改造传统产业，促进行业技术进步和产业结构调整，提高企业技术创新能力和市场竞争力。
二、总体目标
依托转制后的综合性大型科技型企业，加强行业技术开发基地建设。原煤炭科学研究总院、机械科学研究院、中国农业机械化科学研究院、钢铁研究总院、长沙矿冶研究院、自动化研究院、沈阳化工研究院、中国食品发酵工业研究所、中国纺织科学研究院、中国建筑材料科学研究院、北京有色金属研究总院、北京矿冶研究总院等12个综合性大型科技型企业，作为市场竞争的主体，要按照现代企业制度的要求，建立规范的法人治理结构，明晰产权关系，完善分配制度，实行科学化管理，不断提高主业的核心竞争能力。同时，充分利用自身的科技、人才、信息等优势，通过联合重点大型企业及行业科技力量等形式，整合科技资源，对行业共性、关键性、前瞻性技术进行联合开发，并在主要国家重点企业实现产业化，形成适合中国国情的重大科技成果，特别是国家重点支持的科技成果共享和推广的机制。在逐渐形成自身竞争优势的同时，推动重点企业的技术创新，促进行业结构调整和技术升级，成为面向行业、开放式、具有国内领先水平和国际先进水平的技术开发基地。
三、行业技术开发基地的主要任务
行业技术开发基地应具备开发和推广本行业共性、关键性、前瞻性技术的能力，基本掌握本行业国际先进水平的关键技术和国家重点建设所需的工艺技术及装备的研制开发能力。其主要任务是：
1.围绕重点行业的技术进步和产业升级，以国家重点技术创新项目和建设项目为依托，采取产学研结合等多种合作形式与企业（企业集团）、高等院校、科研机构联合开发，重点解决国民经济建设和发展中重大的技术瓶颈。
2.积极承担和参与国家重大科技攻关项目、重点建设项目以及基础研究项目的投标工作，继续发挥综合优势，组织和参与跨行业的联合攻关、开发，提高技术集成能力和装备成套能力。
3. 进一步开展国际合作，加快对国际先进技术的引进、消化、创新，并向本行业推广。积极参与国际竞争，把具有自主知识产权的先进技术和产品输出到国外，扩大国际市场份额。
4. 在国家有关职能部门的监督指导下，坚持公正性原则，做好标准、计量、检测等工作；发挥大型科技企业的辐射作用，帮助企业开发新产品，提高工艺、技术水平，培养人才，面向社会搞好技术中介等服务。
5. 研究行业技术发展现状、趋势，积极为政府部门制定产业技术政策、行业发展规划、产业结构调整战略等宏观决策提供科学的依据。
四、加强行业技术开发基地建设的指导
各地经贸委、各部门要正确引导转制后的科研机构按照科技体制改革的方向和要求，切实转变体制和调整功能，把科研优势转变为产业、经济优势，发挥企业作为技术创新主体的作用。要把科研机构的转制工作和进一步发展作为加强科技与经济结合，促进以企业为中心的技术创新体系建设的重要工作内容，进一步发挥转制的科研机构、特别是12个转制为大型科技型企业的综合优势，为行业的技术进步、产业升级、产品结构调整发挥更大的作用，为推动经济、科技体制的改革做出更大贡献。
主题词：经济管理 行业 技术 开发 意见 通知
抄送：中央企业工委。
国家经贸委办公厅 二OOO年七月二十日印发
